diff --git a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventPublisher.java b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventPublisher.java
index f9cf518..c5ba77c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventPublisher.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventPublisher.java
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.exception.BusinessException;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.exception.ErrorCode;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.sse.SseConnectionManager;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
  */
 @Slf4j
 @Component
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class SseEventPublisher {
 
     public static final String CHANNEL = "sse:events";
@@ -23,12 +25,6 @@ public class SseEventPublisher {
     private final RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
     private final SseConnectionManager connectionManager;
 
-    public SseEventPublisher(RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate,
-                             SseConnectionManager connectionManager) {
-        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
-        this.connectionManager = connectionManager;
-    }
-
     /**
      * 发布广播事件（推送给所有在线用户）
      *
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventType.java b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventType.java
index 8fe8c18..ac8f3b6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventType.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/event/SseEventType.java
@@ -9,5 +9,7 @@ public enum SseEventType {
     ROOM_REMOVED,
     KICKED,
     GAME_STARTED,
-    BALANCE_CHG
+    BALANCE_CHG,
+    /** 自定义事件类型，用于测试或任意消息推送 */
+    CUSTOM
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
index 61e3736..f49bc2e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/common/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
@@ -48,6 +48,21 @@ public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
         // SSE 响应已被客户端关闭，不写响应体
     }
 
+    /**
+     * SSE 客户端断开连接时，Spring 在 Tomcat 容器线程上抛出的 IOException
+     * <p>
+     * SSE 长连接场景下客户端主动断开（关闭标签页、网络切换等）是正常行为，
+     * 不应作为 ERROR 记录。仅当响应尚未提交时才视为真正的 IO 异常。
+     */
+    @ExceptionHandler(IOException.class)
+    public void handleIOException(IOException ex, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        if (response.isCommitted()) {
+            log.debug("SSE 客户端已断开: {}", ex.getMessage());
+        } else {
+            log.warn("未提交响应的 IO 异常: {}", ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
     // ==================== 业务异常（REST JSON 请求） ====================
 
     /**
@@ -116,10 +131,25 @@ public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
     // ==================== 兜底 → HTTP 500（直接写响应，绕过内容协商） ====================
 
     @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
-    public void handleException(Exception ex, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
+    public void handleException(
+            Exception ex,
+            HttpServletResponse response
+    ) throws IOException {
+
+        // SSE 长连接/已提交的响应 → 客户端已断开，不需要告警
+        if (response.isCommitted()) {
+            log.debug("Response 已提交，客户端已断开: {}", ex.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
         log.error("服务器内部错误", ex);
-        writeJsonError(response, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR.getCode(), ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR.getDefaultMessage());
+
+        writeJsonError(
+                response,
+                HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR.getCode(),
+                ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR.getDefaultMessage()
+        );
     }
 
     // ==================== 工具方法 ====================
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/service/impl/RefreshTokenServiceImpl.java b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/service/impl/RefreshTokenServiceImpl.java
index ede8d78..ab90681 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/service/impl/RefreshTokenServiceImpl.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/service/impl/RefreshTokenServiceImpl.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.webgame.webgamebackend.service.impl;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.exception.BusinessException;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.exception.ErrorCode;
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.service.RefreshTokenService;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  */
 @Slf4j
 @Service
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class RefreshTokenServiceImpl implements RefreshTokenService {
 
     /** Redis key 前缀 */
@@ -41,10 +43,6 @@ public class RefreshTokenServiceImpl implements RefreshTokenService {
 
     private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
 
-    public RefreshTokenServiceImpl(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
-        this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
-    }
-
     @Override
     public String create(String userId) {
         if (userId == null || userId.isBlank()) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/sse/SseController.java b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/sse/SseController.java
index 1a968b9..329ebf5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/sse/SseController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/webgame/webgamebackend/sse/SseController.java
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 package com.webgame.webgamebackend.sse;
 
 import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.auth.AuthenticationProvider;
+import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.dto.ApiResponse;
+import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.event.SseEventPublisher;
+import com.webgame.webgamebackend.common.event.SseEventType;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * SSE 订阅端点
@@ -30,6 +36,7 @@ public class SseController {
 
     private final SseConnectionManager connectionManager;
     private final AuthenticationProvider authProvider;
+    private final SseEventPublisher eventPublisher;
 
     @GetMapping(value = "/subscribe", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)
     public SseEmitter subscribe(
@@ -73,6 +80,49 @@ public class SseController {
         return emitter;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 测试用消息发布接口
+     *
+     * 支持广播（不传 userId）和定向推送（传 userId）两种模式。
+     * 可传入任意 JSON 数据作为消息体，事件类型固定为 CUSTOM。
+     *
+     * 请求体示例：
+     * <pre>
+     * // 广播
+     * { "data": { "msg": "hello" } }
+     *
+     * // 定向推送
+     * { "userId": "123", "data": { "msg": "hello" } }
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param body 请求体，包含可选的 userId 和必填的 data
+     * @return 统一 API 响应
+     */
+    @PostMapping("/publish")
+    public ApiResponse<Map<String, Object>> publish(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> body) {
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        Map<String, Object> data = (Map<String, Object>) body.get("data");
+        if (data == null || data.isEmpty()) {
+            return ApiResponse.fail(400, "data 字段不能为空");
+        }
+
+        String userId = body.get("userId") != null ? body.get("userId").toString() : null;
+
+        if (userId != null && !userId.isBlank()) {
+            eventPublisher.sendTo(userId, SseEventType.CUSTOM, data);
+            log.info("[SSE] 测试定向推送, userId={}, data={}", userId, data);
+        } else {
+            eventPublisher.broadcast(SseEventType.CUSTOM, data);
+            log.info("[SSE] 测试广播推送, data={}", data);
+        }
+
+        return ApiResponse.ok(Map.of(
+                "mode", userId != null && !userId.isBlank() ? "targeted" : "broadcast",
+                "userId", userId != null ? userId : "all",
+                "data", data
+        ));
+    }
+
     /**
      * 向 SSE 客户端返回认证错误
      *
diff --git a/uploads/avatars/9301aa11-cbee-4656-abf9-1d60c41011c6.jpg b/uploads/avatars/9301aa11-cbee-4656-abf9-1d60c41011c6.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34b2beb
Binary files /dev/null and b/uploads/avatars/9301aa11-cbee-4656-abf9-1d60c41011c6.jpg differ